TITANIUM

Titanium is the element with atomic number 22 and atomic weight 47.90. Although stable can be obtained in different ways, in most cases the stability achieved by getting rid of three-or-more frequently four electrons. It is, as in the case of scandium, of a transition metal.

 Titanium is very abundant on Earth, being the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust is about 0.63% of its mass. However, unlike other less common metals it is not found in nature in pure form, but as part of many rocks in different proportions.

 Titanium dioxide, TiO2, is commonly found in a black or brown known as rutile. Natural forms that are less in nature are the anatasita and brooquita. Both pure rutile as anatasita are white. The basic oxide black, FeTiO3, are found naturally as the mineral ilmenite, it is the primary commercial source of titanium.

 Titanium dioxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints exterior for being chemically inert, for its great covering power, opacity to damage from UV light and self-cleaning ability. Dioxide has also been used as a bleaching agent in and opaque porcelain enamels, giving a high gloss finish, hardness and acid resistance.

 Today global annual lproducción titanium is more than four million tons, although most of it (95%) is used in the form of titanium dioxide, TiO2. But titanium current fame is mainly due to its properties in alloys in the aerospace industry, for example. Of titanium metal used each year, almost two thirds are used to build aircraft, helicopters, rockets and missiles, either as part of some steel or alloyed with aluminum, vanadium and other metals.

 As regards the negative effects on health, elemental titanium and titanium dioxide having a low level of toxicity. Laboratory animals (rats) exposed to titanium dioxide inhalation developed by small localized areas of dark powder deposited in the lungs. Excessive exposure in humans can result in slight changes in the lungs. 

  

Applications

Titanium is used in steel as an alloying element (ferro-titanium) to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer, and in stainless steel to reduce carbon content.

Titanium is often alloyed with aluminium (to refine grain size), vanadium, copper (to harden), iron, manganese, molybdenum, and with other metals.

Applications for titanium mill products (sheet, plate, bar, wire, forgings, castings) can be found in industrial, aerospace, recreational, and emerging markets. Powdered titanium is used in pyrotechnics as a source of bright-burning particles

In this link you can see a video with a differents applications  whit titanium

                         APPLICATIONS

Aerospace and marine

Due to their high tensile strength to density ratio, high corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance, high crack resistance, and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping, titanium alloys are used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, spacecraft, and missiles. For these applications titanium alloyed with aluminium, vanadium, and other elements is used for a variety of components including critical structural parts, fire walls, landing gear, exhaust ducts (helicopters), and hydraulic systems. In fact, about two thirds of all titanium metal produced is used in aircraft engines and frames. The SR-71 "Blackbird" was one of the first aircraft to make extensive use of titanium within its structure, paving the way for its use in modern military and commercial aircraft. An estimated 59 metric tons (130,000 pounds) are used in the Boeing 777, 45 in the Boeing 747, 18 in the Boeing 737, 32 in the Airbus A340, 18 in the Airbus A330, and 12 in the Airbus A320. The Airbus A380 may use 77 metric tons, including about 11 tons in the engines. In engine applications, titanium is used for rotors, compressor blades, hydraulic system components, and nacelles. The titanium 6AL-4V alloy accounts for almost 50% of all alloys used in aircraft applications.

Due to its high corrosion resistance to sea water, titanium is used to make propeller shafts and rigging and in the heat exchangers of desalination plants; in heater-chillers for salt water aquariums, fishing line and leader, and for divers' knives. Titanium is used to manufacture the housings and other components of ocean-deployed surveillance and monitoring devices for scientific and military use. The former Soviet Union developed techniques for making submarines largely out of titanium.

In the link of this video ( JET TURBINE) you can to see a sample of construction a jet turbine of airplane

                                         jet turbine

Industrial

High-purity (99.999%) titanium with visible crystal structure

Welded titanium pipe and process equipment (heat exchangers, tanks, process vessels, valves) are used in the chemical and petrochemical industries primarily for corrosion resistance. Specific alloys are used in downhole and nickel hydrometallurgy applications due to their high strength (e. g.: titanium Beta C alloy), corrosion resistance, or combination of both. The pulp and paper industry uses titanium in process equipment exposed to corrosive media such as sodium hypochlorite or wet chlorine gas (in the bleachery).

Other applications include: ultrasonic welding, wave soldering, and sputtering targets.

Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄), a colorless liquid, is important as an intermediate in the process of making TiO₂ and is also used to produce the Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and is used to iridize glass and because it fumes strongly in moist air it is also used to make smoke screens.

The next link you can to see a video of the company DWB glas , when you can see the construction titanium ladle

                           TITANIUM LADLE